![]() Zebra mussels also can tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions, and adults can even survive out of water for about 7 days. Free-swimming microscopic larvae, called veligers, drift in the water for several weeks and then settle onto any hard surface they can find. Īn adult female zebra mussel can produce 30,000 to 40,000 eggs in each reproductive cycle, and over 1 million each year. A female zebra mussel begins to reproduce within 6–7 weeks of settling. The lifespan of a zebra mussel is four to five years. In 2012, the National University of Ireland, Galway, said "the discovery of zebra mussels ( Dreissena polymorpha) in Lough Derg and the lower Shannon region in 1997 has led to considerable concern about the potential ecological and economic damage that this highly invasive aquatic nuisance species can cause." Life cycle This pattern is being repeated in Ireland, where zebra mussels have eliminated the two freshwater mussels from several waterways, including some lakes along the River Shannon in 1997. Clair and the western basin of Lake Erie. ![]() This has led to the near extinction of the unionid clams in Lake St. They build colonies on native unionid clams, reducing their ability to move, feed, and breed, eventually leading to their deaths. Other mussel species frequently represent the most stable objects in silty substrates, and zebra mussels attach to and often kill these mussels. Zebra mussels attach to most substrates, including sand, silt, and harder substrates, but usually juveniles prefer harder, rockier substrates on which to attach. The catch of yellow perch increased 5-fold after the invasion of zebra mussels into Lake St. This biomass becomes available to bottom-feeding species and to the fish that feed on them. Lake floor food supplies are enriched by zebra mussels as they filter pollution out of the water. These plants, when decaying, wash up on shorelines, fouling beaches and causing water-quality problems. This increased water clarity allows sunlight to penetrate deeper, enabling growth of submerged macrophytes. Since the zebra mussel has become established in Lake Erie, water clarity has increased from 6 inches to up to three feet in some areas. Nonfood particles are combined with mucus and other matter and deposited on lake floors as pseudofeces. Some particles are consumed as food, and feces are deposited on the lake floor. Zebra mussels process up to 1 litre (0.26 US gal 34 US fl oz) of water per day, per mussel. ![]() Zebra mussels and the closely related and ecologically similar quagga mussels are filter-feeding organisms they remove particles from the water column. Their shells are D-shaped, and attached to the substrate with strong byssal fibers, which come out of their umbo on the dorsal (hinged) side. ![]() They are usually about the size of a fingernail, but can grow to a maximum length around 50 mm (2 in). Zebra mussels get their name from a striped pattern commonly seen on their shells, though it is not universally present. The species was first described in 1769 by German zoologist Peter Simon Pallas in the Ural, Volga, and Dnieper Rivers. ![]() Since the 1980s, the species has invaded the Great Lakes, Hudson River, and Lake Travis. The species originates from the lakes of southern Russia and Ukraine, but has been accidentally introduced to numerous other areas and has become an invasive species in many countries worldwide. The zebra mussel ( Dreissena polymorpha) is a small freshwater mussel. ![]()
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